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The conflict in the Middle East is shaping up to be yet another US war with a toxic legacy.

Bombs and missiles have released heavy metals and harmful chemicals into the atmosphere. US-Israeli and Iranian strikes have hit oil facilities, igniting fires that covered Tehran in thick black smoke and oil-saturated rain, exposing millions to pollution which could have long-lasting health impacts.

And these strikes are also affecting the Persian Gulf. Attacks on ships and oil infrastructure in the waterway have produced oil spills visible from space.